Simpson's paradox

Quality:

Simpson's paradox - phenomenon in probability and statistics, in which a trend appears in several different groups of data but disappears or reverses when these groups are combined. Article “Simpson's paradox” in English Wikipedia has 56 points for quality (as of July 1, 2026). The article contains 42 references and 14 sections. The article also contains templates indicating quality issues, therefore its score was reduced by 2.95 points.

This article has the best quality in Tamil Wikipedia. However, this article is the most popular in English version.

In June 2026 the article “Simpson's paradox” was edited by 1 authors in English Wikipedia and written by 8 authors in all languages.

Since the creation of article “Simpson's paradox”, its content was written by 324 registered users of English Wikipedia and edited by 846 registered Wikipedia users in all languages.

The article is cited 67 times in English Wikipedia and cited 210 times in all languages.

The highest Authors Interest rank from 2001:

• Local (English): #4251 in November 2002
• Global: #4874 in December 2001

The highest popularity rank from 2008:

• Local (English): #5871 in November 2013
• Global: #14244 in August 2021

There are 29 language versions for this article in the WikiRank database (of the considered 55 Wikipedia language editions).

The quality and popularity assessment was based on Wikipédia dumps from July 1, 2026 (including revision history and pageviews for previous years).

The table below shows the language versions of the article with the highest quality.

#	Language	Quality grade	Quality score
1	Tamil (ta) இணைக்கையில் தலைகீழாகும் தோற்றமுரண்		61.4617
2	English (en) Simpson's paradox		55.9688
3	Portuguese (pt) Paradoxo de Simpson		40.326
4	Catalan (ca) Paradoxa de Simpson		36.9418
5	German (de) Simpson-Paradoxon		32.8155
6	Arabic (ar) مفارقة سمبسون		31.8399
7	Spanish (es) Paradoja de Simpson		29.4778
8	Chinese (zh) 辛普森悖论		28.7633
9	Korean (ko) 심슨의 역설		26.7863
10	Vietnamese (vi) Nghịch lý Simpson		25.3164

The following table shows the most popular language versions of the article.

#	Language	Popularity award	Relative popularity
1	English (en) Simpson's paradox		4 668 214
2	German (de) Simpson-Paradoxon		488 694
3	French (fr) Paradoxe de Simpson		386 037
4	Chinese (zh) 辛普森悖论		316 872
5	Japanese (ja) シンプソンのパラドックス		221 543
6	Spanish (es) Paradoja de Simpson		221 205
7	Italian (it) Paradosso di Simpson		218 036
8	Russian (ru) Парадокс Симпсона		195 934
9	Dutch (nl) Simpsons paradox		111 426
10	Polish (pl) Paradoks Simpsona		102 007

The following table shows the language versions of the article with the highest popularity in the last month.

#	Language	Popularity award	Relative popularity
1	English (en) Simpson's paradox		13 397
2	French (fr) Paradoxe de Simpson		2 217
3	German (de) Simpson-Paradoxon		1 552
4	Chinese (zh) 辛普森悖论		1 032
5	Russian (ru) Парадокс Симпсона		803
6	Japanese (ja) シンプソンのパラドックス		649
7	Spanish (es) Paradoja de Simpson		466
8	Italian (it) Paradosso di Simpson		366
9	Korean (ko) 심슨의 역설		333
10	Polish (pl) Paradoks Simpsona		310

The following table shows the language versions of the article with the highest Authors’ Interest.

#	Language	AI award	Relative AI
1	English (en) Simpson's paradox		324
2	German (de) Simpson-Paradoxon		84
3	French (fr) Paradoxe de Simpson		79
4	Italian (it) Paradosso di Simpson		42
5	Russian (ru) Парадокс Симпсона		39
6	Dutch (nl) Simpsons paradox		31
7	Hebrew (he) פרדוקס סימפסון		30
8	Spanish (es) Paradoja de Simpson		29
9	Japanese (ja) シンプソンのパラドックス		25
10	Hungarian (hu) Simpson-paradoxon		21

The following table shows the language versions of the article with the highest Authors’ Interest in the last month.

#	Language	AI award	Relative AI
1	Arabic (ar) مفارقة سمبسون		1
2	German (de) Simpson-Paradoxon		1
3	English (en) Simpson's paradox		1
4	Persian (fa) پارادوکس سیمپسون		1
5	Korean (ko) 심슨의 역설		1
6	Tamil (ta) இணைக்கையில் தலைகீழாகும் தோற்றமுரண்		1
7	Ukrainian (uk) Парадокс Сімпсона		1
8	Vietnamese (vi) Nghịch lý Simpson		1
9	Azerbaijani (az) Simpson paradoksu		0
10	Catalan (ca) Paradoxa de Simpson		0

The following table shows the language versions of the article with the highest number of citations.

On 1 July 2026 in multilingual Wikipedia, Internet users most often read articles on the following topics: 2026 FIFA World Cup, Kylian Mbappé, Erling Haaland, Democratic Republic of the Congo, FIFA World Cup, Harry Kane, Romelu Lukaku, Senegal, Michael Olise, Sadio Mané.

In English Wikipedia the most popular articles on that day were: 2026 FIFA World Cup, Harry Kane, Julián Quiñones, List of FIFA World Cup top goalscorers, Kylian Mbappé, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Erling Haaland, DR Congo national football team, Melat Kiros, FIFA World Cup.

The WikiRank project is intended for automatic relative evaluation of the articles in the various language versions of Wikipedia. At the moment the service allows to compare over 50 million Wikipedia articles in 55 languages. Quality scores of articles are based on Wikipedia dumps from July, 2026. When calculating current popularity and AI of articles data from June 2026 was taken into account. For historical values of popularity and AI WikiRank used data from 2001 to 2026... More information